Solitary waves for the nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract

In this paper, the nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NNLS) equation by considering its integrability which enables the propagation of ultra-broad nonparaxial beams in a planar optical waveguide is studied. The plenty numbers of solitary wave solutions by using Hirota’s bilinear scheme are found, in addition, the bilinear transformation and also the related theorem for getting to the bilinear form of nonlinear system are considered. Two new simple approaches are implemented to recover periodic wave, bright soliton, singular, and singular soliton for this model. Because of the significance of the NNLS in modeling the propagation of solitons through an optical fiber, the recovered solitons are vital for describing and understanding a variety of fundamental physical processes. The effect of the free parameters on the behavior of acquired figures to a few obtained solutions by providing the feasibility and reliability of the used procedure was also discussed. For more physical illustration and knowledge of the physical characteristics of this equation, some important solutions are discussed graphically in the form of 2D and 3D plots by selecting suitable parameters.