GAUGE THEORY AND TWO LEVEL SYSTEMS-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

GAUGE THEORY AND TWO LEVEL SYSTEMS

Published:2011-08-10 Issue:20 Volume:25 Page:1661-1670
ISSN:0217-9849
Container-title:Modern Physics Letters B
language:en
Short-container-title:Mod. Phys. Lett. B

Author:

BRUNO A.¹,CAPOLUPO A.²,KAK S.³,RAIMONDO G.¹,VITIELLO G.²

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello" and INFN, Università di Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy

2. Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Salerno and INFN, Gruppo Collegato Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy

3. Department of Computer Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA

Abstract

We consider the time evolution of a two level system (a two level atom or a qubit) and show that it is characterized by a local (in time) gauge invariant evolution equation. The covariant derivative operator is constructed and related to the free energy. We show that the gauge invariant characterization of the time evolution of the two level system is analogous to the birefringence phenomenon in optics. The relation with Berry-like and Anandan–Aharonov phase is pointed out. Finally, we discuss entropy, environment effects and the distance in projective Hilbert space between two level states in their evolution.

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt

Subject

Condensed Matter Physics,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

Link

https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S021798491102698X

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