Phase separation of spin-1 spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupled Bose–Einstein condensates

Abstract

In this study, we study the circularly-symmetric phase separation in spin-1 spin-orbit-angular-momentum coupled (SOAMC) [Formula: see text] Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) system in the [Formula: see text]-plane using a numerical solution of the mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The increase of the coupling strength [Formula: see text] in such a system is found to generate annular structures. The phase-separated had different structures with the spin and linear momentum coupling BEC. Our results are in good agreement with the new experiment H. R. Chen, K. Y. Lin, P. K. Chen, N. C. Chiu, J. B. Wang and C.-A. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 113204. We also analyzed the influence of different parameters of SOAMC on coupling strength [Formula: see text], spin correlation coefficient [Formula: see text], the number of particles [Formula: see text], and the anisotropy of the potential in the three-component equations. The dynamical stability of the phase separation is demonstrated by real-time propagation numerically.