Optical spatiotemporal solitary wave solutions of the generalized (3+1)-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation with distributed coefficients

Abstract

In this work, the extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion approach is used to analyze a generalized [Formula: see text]-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation with distributed time-dependent coefficients because of its use in the Bose–Einstein condensation. The Gross–Pitaevskii equation plays a significant role in Bose–Einstein condensation, where it characterizes the dynamics of the condensate wave function. By using this approach with a homogeneous balance principle, the spatiotemporal soliton solutions and exact extended traveling-wave solutions of governing equation have been successfully obtained. A few double periodic, trigonometric and hyperbolic function solutions from the Jacobi elliptic function solutions have been found under specific constraints on a parameter. It is obvious that the proposed approach is the most straightforward, efficient and useful way to handle numerous nonlinear models that arise in applied physics and mathematics in order to generate various exact solutions. A case with variable gain, constant diffraction and parabolic potential strength has been considered in this study to derive exact solutions. Numerous novel varieties of traveling-wave solutions have been revealed in this work, including the double periodic singular, the periodic singular, the dark singular, the dark kink singular, the periodic solitary singular and the singular soliton solutions and these newly obtained results differ from those previously investigated for this governing equation. In addition to addressing a scientific explanation of the analytical work, the results have been graphically presented by 3D plots and contour plots for some suitable parameter values to understand the physical meaning of the derived solutions. Due to their applicability to a variety of quantum systems, the acquired solutions are of considerable importance.