Deflection angle and shadow evolution from charged torus-like black hole under the effect of non-magnetic plasma and non-plasma medium

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the deflection angle of a torus-like regular charged black hole in the limit approximation of a weak field to check the effects of non-magnetic plasma and non-plasma medium. Using spacetime optical geometry, we first compute the Gaussian optical curvature. We study the light deflection angle from a charged torus-like black hole using the Gibbons and Werner approach. By taking into account the well-known Keeton–Petters approach, we validate our results. Moreover, we examine the shadow of a charged torus-like black hole by using the ray-tracing algorithm under the influence of pressureless and non-magnetized plasma and study the graphical effects of cosmological constant and charge for both anti-de Sitter and de Sitter cases on the shadow of a black hole.