Characterizations of spacetimes admitting critical point equation and f(r)-gravity

Abstract

In general, a perfect fluid spacetime is not a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime and the converse is also not true. In this paper, it is shown that if a perfect fluid spacetime satisfies the critical point equation, then either the spacetime becomes a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime and represents dark era or the vorticity of the fluid vanishes as well as the spacetime is expansion free. Besides, we prove that if a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime with constant scalar curvature satisfies the critical point equation, then the spacetime becomes a perfect fluid spacetime. Next, the existence of critical point equation is established by a non-trivial example. Finally, we discuss the critical point equation in [Formula: see text]-gravity. For the model [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = constant and [Formula: see text] is the scalar curvature of the spacetime), various energy conditions in terms of the scalar curvature are examined and state that the Universe is in an accelerating phase and satisfies the weak, null, dominant, and strong energy conditions.