A note on the dynamical system formulations in f(R) gravity

Abstract

A number of dynamical system formulations have been proposed over the last few years to analyze cosmological solutions in f(R) gravity. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to the different approaches, presenting them in a chronological order as they appeared in the history of the relevant scientific literature. In this way, we illuminate how the shortcoming(s) of an existing formulation encouraged the development of an alternative formulation. Whenever possible, a two-dimensional phase portrait is given for a better visual representation of the dynamics of phase space. We also touch upon how cosmological perturbations can be analyzed using the phase space language.