Effect of Oxygen Vacancy on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Behavior of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanocrystalline SnO2powder has been successfully synthesized by using tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl[Formula: see text]H2O), distilled water and liquid ammonia by the simple chemical co-precipitation method at room temperature using different SnCl[Formula: see text]H2O molar concentration of 0.3[Formula: see text]M, 0.4[Formula: see text]M and 0.5[Formula: see text]M. The structural properties of the prepared SnO2and transition metal doped SnO2nanoparticles has been studied using X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope. The composition of the powders has been analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The XRD pattern of the SnO2nanoparticles indicates the formation of single-phase rutile tetragonal structure. The grain size is found to be in the range of 3–7[Formula: see text]nm and is found to increase with increasing SnCl2molar concentration. The absorption spectra revealed that the bandgap decreased from 3.74[Formula: see text]eV to 3.59[Formula: see text]eV with increasing SnCl2molar concentration. The photoluminescence spectra of SnO2nanoparticles showed a visible broad luminescence band in the region of 385–430[Formula: see text]nm. The magnetic studies have been carried out using the hysteresis loop obtained from a vibrating sample magnetometer. The SnO2samples using 0.3 and 0.4 SnCl2molar concentration exhibited ferromagnetic behavior whereas the SnO2sample prepared using 0.5[Formula: see text]M SnCl[Formula: see text]H2O exhibited paramagnetic nature.