Temperature effects on Manakov solitons in biased photorefractive crystals exhibiting the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect simultaneously

Abstract

We investigate the effect of temperature on Manakov solitons in biased photorefractive crystals having both linear and quadratic electro-optic effects simultaneously. Two different physical quantities, namely, the dielectric constant and the dark irradiance, have a temperature dependence which in turn affects the Manakov solitons. We consider three realizations of the Manakov solitons for our present analysis, namely, the bright–bright, dark–dark and bright–dark Manakov soliton pair. The existence curve and its modification due to temperature has been studied in detail for each of the Manakov soliton pair. A comprehensive investigation of the functional dependence of the soliton width with temperature is undertaken for different parameters like beam intensity and external electric field for each of the Manakov soliton pair. The tuning of photorefractive soliton characteristics by changing of temperature has potential practical applications in optical networks and optical waveguiding.