Deer Velvet Antler Extracts Exert Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Effects on Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Distinct Mouse Arthritis

Author:

Cheng Wei-Jen123,Yang Hsuan-Tzu4,Chiang Chih-Chao15,Lai Kuei-Hung6,Chen Yu-Li7,Shih Huei-Lin8,Kuo Jong-Jen1293,Hwang Tsong-Long1011712,Lin Chi-Chien131415

Affiliation:

1. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

3. Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

4. Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

5. Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan

6. Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

7. Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan

8. Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

9. Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

10. Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

11. Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

12. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan

13. Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

14. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

15. Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint deformity and disability. Deer velvet antler (DA), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat various types of arthritis for several thousands of years, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we investigated the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of DA in vitro and in vivo. The ethyl acetate layer of DA ethanol extract (DA-EE-EA) was used to treat tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocyte MH7A cells, collagen-induced arthritis DBA/1 mice, and SKG mice with zymosan-induced arthritis. DA-EE-EA reduced nitric oxide production, prostaglandin E2 levels, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, and IL-8 in MH7A cells. DA-EE-EA also downregulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65. Intraperitoneal injection of DA-EE-EA for 3 weeks substantially reduced clinical arthritis scores in vivo models. Pathohistological images of the hind paws showed that DA-EE-EA reduced immune cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage damage. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and interferon-gamma, decreased in the hind paw homogenates of DA-EE-EA-treated mice. We also identified several potential components, such as hexadecanamide, oleamide, erucamide, and lysophosphatidylcholines, that might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of DA-EE-EA. In conclusion, DA-EE-EA has the potential to treat RA by regulating inflammatory responses. However, the individual components of DA-EE-EA and the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms need further investigation in future studies.

Funder

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taiwan

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd

Subject

Complementary and alternative medicine,General Medicine

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