Research Progress on the Antitumor Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2

Author:

Yang Lan1ORCID,Chen Jenny Jie2,Sheng-Xian Teo Brian2ORCID,Zhang Jiong3,Jiang Mingqiang4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macau, Macau, P. R. China

2. MSU Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (MyCAM), Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia

3. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China

4. Department of Breast, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China

Abstract

Cancer has evolved into a substantial public health concern as the second-leading cause of mortality globally. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been the two most widely used cancer therapies in recent years; however, both have drawbacks. Therefore, the focus has shifted to the creation of herbal medicines, the extraction of active ingredients, replacement therapy, and the adverse effects of these medications. Ginsenoside Rh2, which is extracted from ginseng, has been identified in many cancer cells. The immune system of the body is strengthened by ginsenoside Rh2, which can also cause the proliferation, death, and differentiation of tumor cells through various pathways. For instance, it inhibits the expression of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and induces cell apoptosis, affects the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bax, and cooperates with the PD-1 blockade to reactivate T cells to promote an antitumor immune response. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rh2 has the effect of reversing the toxic effect of chemotherapy drugs on normal cells, reducing myocardial damage, and relieving bone marrow function suppression. For clinical applications, it is mainly used as an adjuvant drug for preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and rescue treatment of advanced cancer. This paper summarizes the pharmacological action and mechanism of ginsenosides Rh2 in all kinds of cancer and looks forward to its future development and application.

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd

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