Population-toxicant models with stage structure and the psychological effects

Abstract

We propose single-species population models with the psychological effects and time delay in a toxicant environment in this study, of which the concentrations of toxicant nonlinearly affect the density of adults, linearly affect the density of juveniles. The models, consisting of a system of stochastic differential equations, govern the dynamics of juveniles and adults, as well as the concentrations of toxicant in the environment and organisms. First of all, the existence and uniqueness of the global solution to the models are derived, the sufficient conditions of the extinction and the time that the densities of adults and juveniles approach zero are investigated. Further, the sufficient conditions for the weak persistence in the mean are obtained around the pollution-free equilibrium point, and the stochastic permanence of adults and juveniles occurs around the pollution equilibrium points under moderate conditions. As a consequence, the corresponding numerical simulations reveal that higher psychological effects and less time delay create larger densities of juveniles and adults in the sense of weak persistence and stochastic permanence, and that less fluctuations of white noises and less psychological effects produce the earlier extinction time for adults and juveniles.