Analysis of the interaction among weed, inorganic fertilizer and herbivore in paddy ecosystem in fallow season

Abstract

Paddy growth is influenced by the amount of inorganic fertilizer in paddy ecosystem in fallow season. To discover the interaction among weed, inorganic fertilizer and herbivore in the system, we put forward a differential equation model and investigate its properties. Results show that the system has a weed and herbivore extinct equilibrium and a herbivore extinct equilibrium. The two equilibria are proven to be unstable using the center manifold method. Under certain conditions, the system also has a positive equilibrium point. We give the stable region and the unstable region of the positive equilibrium point, which are determined by some parameters. We find that the system has the Hopf bifurcation phenomenon, and give the critical value of Hopf bifurcation by taking a system parameter as the bifurcation parameter. By comparing the equilibrium states between a paddy ecosystem with herbivore and one without herbivore, we find that the content of inorganic fertilizer can be improved by putting herbivore into a paddy field. An example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the results. Numerical simulation shows that Hopf bifurcation phenomena exist in the system.