Modeling and analyzing dynamics of malaria transmission with host immunity

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a compartmental model for malaria transmission, where the host individuals are distributed according to their immune status. The acquired immunity of malaria is usually booted upon each exposure and gradually declines between the consecutive bouts of the disease. It is assumed that the recovered host individuals may be reinfected due to the immunity waning over time. The existence and stability of equilibria in the system, and the effect of the immunity status on dynamics of the system, are investigated, respectively. The phenomena of multiple endemic equilibria in our model are also observed. Our obtained results show that malaria may keep recurring under the first lower prevalence, however, when malaria is spreading in a population, it may remain at a different endemic level under suitable control strategies.