Generalizations of a Conway algebra for oriented surface-links via marked graph diagrams

Abstract

In 1987, Przytyski and Traczyk introduced an algebraic structure, called a Conway algebra, and constructed an invariant of oriented links, which is a generalization of the HOMFLY-PT polynomial invariant. In 2018, Kim generalized a Conway algebra, which is an algebraic structure with two skein relations, which is called a generalized Conway algebra. In 2017, Joung, Kamada, Kawauchi and Lee constructed a polynomial invariant of oriented surface-links by using marked graph diagrams. In this paper, we will introduce generalizations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of a Conway algebra and a generalized Conway algebra, which are called a marked Conway algebra and a generalized marked Conway algebra, respectively. We will construct invariants valued in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for oriented marked graphs and oriented surface-links by applying binary operations to classical crossings and marked vertices via marked graph diagrams. The polynomial invariant of oriented surface-links is obtained from the invariant valued in the marked Conway algebra with additional conditions.