A Study on the Evaluation of the Annual Energy Consumption for a Geothermal Heat Pump System with Open Loop and Closed Loop Ground Heat Exchangers

Abstract

Heating and cooling systems contribute greatly to the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of many countries. Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) are promising energy saving systems for residential, commercial or industrial heating or cooling purposes. A method to estimate the energy consumption and CO2 emission of GSHPs is therefore very eminent. This paper reviews the methodology to calculate the energy consumption and CO2 emission of GSHPs. The discussed methodology is then used to compare the energy consumption and CO2 emission of an open-loop and closed-loop GSHP using data from field test. It is observed that the open-loop GSHP saves 28% energy and reduces CO2 by 28% than the closed-loop GSHP in the cooling season. When used for both cooling and heating purposes in the year, the open-loop GSHP saves about 6% energy and reduces about 6% of CO2 emission than the closed-loop GSHP.