1. Chief, Hand and Wrist Surgery Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
2. Hand and Microvascular Surgery Service and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
3. Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA