THE EFFECTS OF VASOPRESSIN ON THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS POTENTIAL TREATMENT USING VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS IN THE FIELD OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

Abstract

Vasopressin (VP) is a nine-amino-acid antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released by hypothalamus and acts on various organs via three distinct G protein-coupled receptors, V1aR, V2R, V1bR (V3R). Large-scale retrospective study carried out in human patients indicated positive correlation between serum VP level and kidney disease severity. Currently, VP receptor antagonists are used to treat hyponatremia, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), heart failure, cirrhosis, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in human patients; however, in the field of veterinary medicine, although the prevalence for chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases (up to 50%) along the age of companion animals, the treatment options for CKD cats and dogs are limited at this moment. In this article, we review information on the beneficial effects of VP receptor antagonists on the treatment of CKD and to provide supporting evidence for their potential applications in the field of veterinary medicine.