Incorporation of dysprosium ions into PbTiO3 ferroelectric ceramic system

Abstract

A structural analysis concerning the incorporation of dysprosium into A- and/or B-sites of the lead titanate is shown. The two "boundary" refinements are presented, i.e., Dy 2+ substitutes for Pb 2+ ( Dy 3+ substitutes for Ti 4+) and Dy 3+ substitutes for Pb 2+ ( Dy 3+ substitutes for Ti 4+). The results offer quantitative information about the incorporation into both crystallographic sites. The increase of Dy 3+ fraction into B-site provides the increase of the Ti 4+ atomic displacement along the [001] direction and the tetragonal distortion.