STABILITY OF BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES CONFINED IN TRAPS

Abstract

Bose–Einstein condensation has been realized as dilute atomic vapors. This achievement has generated immense interest in this field. This article review of recent theoretical research into the properties of trapped dilute-gas Bose–Einstein condensates. Among these properties, stability of Bose–Einstein condensates confined in traps is mainly discussed. Static properties of the ground state are investigated by using the variational method. The analysis is extended to the stability of two-component condensates. Time-development of the condensate is well-described by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation which is known in nonlinear physics as the no nlinear Schrödinger equation. For the case that the inter-atomic potential is effectively attractive, a singularity of the solution emerges in a finite time. This phenomenon which we call collapse explains the upper bound for the number of atoms in such condensates under traps.