Sol-enhanced electroplating of nickel–ferrum–phosphorus–titanium oxide coatings: Structures, compositions, and performance

Abstract

In this paper, the Ni–Fe–P–TiO2 coatings with different TiO2 sol addition have been prepared by a sol-enhanced electroplating process. The microstructures and elemental compositions of prepared coatings were systematically characterized. The coating performance including mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were investigated. The results show that the proper addition of 10 mL/L TiO2 sol slightly refines the surface morphology, while a much higher 50 mL/L TiO2 sol addition causes a relatively nonuniform surface. The much-improved mechanical and corrosion performance is achieved by adding 10 mL/L TiO2 sol, due to the strengthening effect by the well-dispersed nanoparticles and the compact, uniform surface structure. The wear tests confirm that abrasive wear dominates in the sample modified by 10 mL/L TiO2 sol, while adhesion is the primary type for other samples.