Theoretical investigation of thermal analysis in aluminum and titanium alloys filled in nanofluid through a square cavity having the uniform thermal condition

Abstract

The enhancement of the heat transfer of fluids is a very important task in engineering and technology which can be accomplished through the hybrid nanoparticles. In this theoretical investigation, the natural convection flow of nanoliquid through a square container is examined under the impacts of thermal boundary conditions. The considered nanoliquid is a combination of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (class of titanium) and aluminum alloy AA7075 (class of aluminum) nanoparticles and water as a base fluid. Aluminum alloys are commonly used in household wiring and manufacturing of wheels, etc. The titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is commonly acknowledged as the “workhorse” of titanium which is extensively used in aerospace and biomedical engineering. The mathematical model is developed in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations and later transformed into dimensionless form. The resultant dimensionless set of equations is simulated numerically by using the eminent finite element method (FEM). The iterative Newton’s Raphson method is used to get the optimal solutions. The stream function and temperature contours are displayed against the Rayleigh number and nanoparticle volume friction. The variation of local and average Nusselt numbers is also plotted. The outcomes revealed that water-based titanium alloy is the best choice to enhance the heat transfer rate in the cavity. The results obtained in this investigation are very important in engineering research, academic, and discussion about the heat transfer analysis with these two types of alloy nanoparticles inside the cavity flows.