The impact of the electric field on superconductivity in the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory

Abstract

In this paper, we address the impact of the electric field on superconductors which are insulators in the normal state, semiconductors at low carrier concentration and ultracold gas of fermions in the strongly interacting regime. The electric field penetrates these systems and effects on the Cooper pairs. We show that if there are Cooper pairs above the superconductor critical temperature, the electric field forces the Cooper pairs to Bose condensate and the onset of the superconductivity, thereby increasing the critical temperature. To study this phenomenon, we numerically solve the Maxwell equations for [Formula: see text]-wave superconductors obtained from the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory. Our investigation designs an experimental way for verification of the pairing of Fermions preceding superconductivity and superfluidity.