Effect of field modulation on the quasi-phase-matching for second harmonic generation in a two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal

Abstract

Second harmonic generation (SHG) in a two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) with finite width along [Formula: see text]-direction that is embedded in air is investigated, without adopting the traditional approximations such as a plane-wave approximation (PWA) and slowly varying amplitude approximation (SVAA). The so-called quasi-phase-matching (QPM) and the corresponding SHG conversion efficiency can be modulated significantly by the field of fundamental wave (FW). It is assumed that the incident light, along [Formula: see text]-direction, is normally launched upon the surface of the sample, and QPM for different directions is investigated. It is found that the QPM shows significant differences, compared with the traditional QPM along the two different directions: in the direction of finite width of the sample, the peak value of SHG conversion efficiency is deviated from the traditional case and it gets to its peak values when the transmittance resonance occurs. However, in the other direction, the deviation from the traditional QPM arises from the field modulation of the second harmonic wave (SHW) and in this direction, it is investigated that the full width at half maximum of QPM is much wider than that in the direction of finite width of the sample. These results can be used to provide a theoretical guidance for achieving QPM SHG.