Limit Cycles Bifurcating from the Periodic Orbits of a Discontinuous Piecewise Linear Differentiable Center with Two Zones

Abstract

We study a class of discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems with two zones separated by the straight line x = 0. In x > 0, we have a linear saddle with its equilibrium point living in x > 0, and in x < 0 we have a linear differential center. Let p be the equilibrium point of this linear center, when p lives in x < 0, we say that it is real, and when p lives in x > 0 we say that it is virtual. We assume that this discontinuous piecewise linear differential system formed by the center and the saddle has a center q surrounded by periodic orbits ending in a homoclinic orbit of the saddle, independent if p is real, virtual or p is in x = 0. Note that q = p if p is real or p is in x = 0. We perturb these three classes of systems, according to the position of p, inside the class of all discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems with two zones separated by x = 0. Let N be the maximum number of limit cycles which can bifurcate from the periodic solutions of the center q with these perturbations. Our main results show that N = 2 when p is on x = 0, and N ≥ 2 when p is a real or virtual center. Furthermore, when p is a real center we found an example satisfying N ≥ 3.