1. Duke University, Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
2. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;
3. European Corporate Governance Institute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
4. Department of Finance, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom;
5. Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742