Product Aesthetic Design: A Machine Learning Augmentation

Abstract

Aesthetics are critically important to market acceptance. In the automotive industry, an improved aesthetic design can boost sales by 30% or more. Firms invest heavily in designing and testing aesthetics. A single automotive “theme clinic” can cost more than $100,000, and hundreds are conducted annually. We propose a model to augment the commonly used aesthetic design process by predicting aesthetic scores and automatically generating innovative and appealing product designs. The model combines a probabilistic variational autoencoder (VAE) with adversarial components from generative adversarial networks (GAN) and a supervised learning component. We train and evaluate the model with data from an automotive partner—images of 203 SUVs evaluated by targeted consumers and 180,000 high-quality unrated images. Our model predicts well the appeal of new aesthetic designs—43.5% improvement relative to a uniform baseline and substantial improvement over conventional machine learning models and pretrained deep neural networks. New automotive designs are generated in a controllable manner for use by design teams. We empirically verify that automatically generated designs are (1) appealing to consumers and (2) resemble designs that were introduced to the market five years after our data were collected. We provide an additional proof-of-concept application using open-source images of dining room chairs. History: Puneet Manchanda served as the senior editor. Funding: A. Burnap received support from General Motors to partially fund a postdoctoral research position for the research conducted in this work. He certifies that none of the research or its results were censored or obfuscated in its publication. J. Hauser and A. Timoshenko certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.1429 .