Review of online X-ray diagnostic services based on artificial neural networks in dentistry

Abstract

Aim. This review is devoted to the analysis of available on-line services and programs using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in dentistry, especially for cephalometric analysis.Materials and methods. We searched for scientific publications in the information and analytical databases PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary using combinations of the following keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, computer vision, neural network, dentistry, orthodontics, cephalometry, cephalometric analysis. 1612 articles were analyzed, of which 23 publications were included in our review.Results. Deep machine learning based on ANN has been successfully used in various branches of medicine as an analytical tool for processing various data. ANNs are especially successfully used for image recognition in radiology and histology. In dentistry, computer vision is used to diagnose diseases of the maxillofacial region, plan surgical treatment, including dental implantation, as well as for cephalometric analysis for the needs of orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons.Conclusion. Currently, there are many programs and on-line services for cephalometric analysis. However, only 7 of them use ANNs for automatic landmarking and image analysis. Also, there is not enough data to evaluate the accuracy of their work and convenience.