Protective efficacy of calcium phosphate nanoparticle adsorbed bivalent subunit vaccine ofPasteurella multocidaagainst homologous challenge in mice

Abstract

ABSTRACTSwine pasteurellosis, caused byPasteurella multocidacapsular types A and D, causes heavy economic loss to the pig farmers. The vaccine presently used is abacterin ofPasteurella multocidacapsular type B that is proven to be effective against bovine pasteurellosis. However, its efficacy against swine pasteurellosis is questionable. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvanted bivalent subunit vaccine prepared fromPasteurella multocidacapsular types A and D along with a monovalent subunit vaccine prepared fromPasteurella multocidacapsular type B in mice. The Alum precipitated bacterin vaccine was used as the control. The bivalent subunit vaccine comprising the immune components of both the capsular types showed significantly higher IgG response than either of the other two vaccines. Both the calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvanted vaccines could elicit 100% protection in mice against homologous challenges but the aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted bacterin vaccine could not elicit significant protection. Based on this preliminary work, it was concluded that the bivalent subunit vaccine would be a better option for immunization of swine against swine pasteurellosis.IMPORTANCE OF THE WORKThe swine pasteurellosis is an important economic disease affecting the pig population in the North-eastern part of India that contributes the major pig population. The disease is caused by Serotype A and D ofPasteurella multocida. At present the inactivated vaccine is used that is actually developed against P52strain of serotype B:2 ofPasteurella multocida, which is mainly involved in haemorrhagic septicaemia (or bovine pasteurellosis) that affects the cattle, buffaloe, sheep and goat. As a result, the present vaccine does not give sufficient protection in pigs but gives significant protection in cattle, buffaloe, sheep and goat. Hence, there is a need of development of vaccine that can address specifically swine pasteurellosis by targeting serotype A and D ofPasteurella multocida.