Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms
Author:
Oude Munnink Bas B.,Sikkema Reina S.,Nieuwenhuijse David F.,Molenaar Robert Jan,Munger Emmanuelle,Molenkamp Richard,van der Spek Arco,Tolsma Paulin,Rietveld Ariene,Brouwer Miranda,Bouwmeester-Vincken Noortje,Harders Frank,der Honing Renate Hakze-van,Wegdam-Blans Marjolein C.A.,Bouwstra Ruth J.,GeurtsvanKessel Corine,van der Eijk Annemiek A.,Velkers Francisca C.,Smit Lidwien A.M.,Stegeman Arjan,van der Poel Wim H.M.,Koopmans Marion P.G.
Abstract
AbstractThe zoonotic origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still unknown. Animal experiments have shown that non-human primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits and bats can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and humans living or working on these farms, using whole genome sequencing. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. At the moment, despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance and immediate culling of infected farms, there is ongoing transmission between mink farms with three big transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. We also describe the first animal to human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms.One sentence summarySARS-CoV-2 transmission on mink farms.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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