A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity In Mice

Author:

de Alwis Ruklanthi,Gan Esther S,Chen Shiwei,Leong Yan Shan,Tan Hwee Cheng,Zhang Summer L,Yau Clement,Matsuda Daiki,Allen Elizabeth,Hartman Paula,Park Jenny,Alayyoubi Maher,Bhaskaran Hari,Dukanovic Adrian,Bao Belle,Clemente Brenda,Vega Jerel,Roberts Scott,Gonzalez Jose A.,Sablad Marciano,Yelin Rodrigo,Taylor Wendy,Tachikawa Kiyoshi,Parker Suezanne,Karmali Priya,Davis Jared,Sullivan Sean M.,Hughes Steve G.,Chivukula Pad,Ooi Eng Eong

Abstract

ABSTRACTA self-transcribing and replicating RNA (STARR™) based vaccine (LUNAR®-COV19) has been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine encodes an alphavirus-based replicon and the SARS-CoV-2 full length spike glycoprotein. Translation of the replicon produces a replicase complex that amplifies and prolong SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expression. A single prime vaccination in mice led to robust antibody responses, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing up to day 60. Activation of cell mediated immunity produced a strong viral antigen specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response. Assaying for intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ and IL-4 positive CD4+ T helper lymphocytes as well as anti-spike glycoprotein IgG2a/IgG1 ratios supported a strong Th1 dominant immune response. Finally, single LUNAR-COV19 vaccination at both 2 μg and 10 μg doses completely protected human ACE2 transgenic mice from both mortality and even measurable infection following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings collectively suggest the potential of Lunar-COV19 as a single dose vaccine.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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