High performance genetically-encoded green fluorescent biosensors for intracellular L-lactate

Abstract

AbstractL-Lactate is a monocarboxylate produced during the process of cellular glycolysis and has long been generally considered a waste product. However, studies in recent decades have provided new perspectives on the physiological roles of L-lactate as a major energy substrate and a signaling molecule. To enable further investigations of the physiological roles of L-lactate, we have developed a series of high-performance (ΔF/F= 15 to 30in vitro), intensiometric, genetically-encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based intracellular L-lactate biosensors with a range of affinities. We evaluated the performance of these biosensors byin vitroand live-cell characterization and demonstrated the utility with imaging applications in several cell lines.