Optimised proteomic analysis of insulin granules from MIN6 β-cells identifies Scamp3, a novel regulator of insulin secretion and content

Abstract

AbstractPancreatic β-cells in the islets of Langerhans are key to maintaining glucose homeostasis, by secreting the peptide hormone insulin. Insulin is packaged within vesicles named insulin secretory granules (ISGs), that have recently been considered to have intrinsic structures and proteins that regulate insulin granule maturation, trafficking, and secretion. Previously, studies have identified a handful of novel ISG-associated proteins using different separation techniques. Here, this study combines an optimized ISG isolation technique and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, with an unbiased protein correlation profiling and targeted machine learning approach to uncover 211 ISG-associated proteins. Five of these proteins: Syntaxin-7, Synaptophysin, Synaptotagmin-13, Zinc transporter ZIP8 and SCAMP3 have not been previously ISG-associated. Through colocalization analysis of confocal imaging we validate the association of these proteins to the ISG in MIN6 and human β-cells. We further validate the role for one (SCAMP3) in regulating insulin storage and secretion from β-cells for the first time. SCAMP3 knock-down INS-1 cells show a reduction in insulin content and dysfunctional insulin secretion. These data provide the basis for future investigation into β-cell biology and the regulation of insulin secretion.Article HighlightsWhy did we undertake this study?We undertook this study to optimize insulin granule isolation techniques alongside enhanced proteomics analyses to establish the first published murine insulin granule proteome.What is the specific question(s) we wanted to answer?We aimed to specifically answer and investigate what proteins are present on insulin granules from MIN6 cells to further our understanding of insulin granule biogenesis, trafficking, and secretion.What did we find?We find and validate the presence of 5 novel insulin granule-associated proteins.What are the implications of our findings?An extensive proteomics analysis of MIN6 insulin granules and implicate Scamp3 as a novel protein that regulates insulin content and secretion in beta-cells.