Multifaceted roles of rice ABA/stress-induced intrinsically disordered proteins in augmenting drought resistance

Abstract

AbstractWater deficit stress causes devastating loss of crop yield worldwide. Improving crop drought resistance has become an urgent issue. Here we report that a group of abscisic acid (ABA)/drought stress-induced monocot-specific, intrinsically disordered, and highly proline-rich proteins, REPETITIVE PROLINE-RICH PROTEINS (RePRPs), play pivotal roles in drought resistance in rice seedlings. Rice ectopically expressingRePRPs outlived wild-type rice under extreme drought conditions primarily due to two underlying mechanisms. First,RePRPreduces water loss by decreasing stomata conductance in shoot. In addition,RePRPoverexpression enhances the levels of extracellular water barriers such as lignin and suberin, primarily in the root vascular bundle. Several groups of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, especially the wall-bound peroxidase responsible for the final assembly of the lignin network, were induced byRePRP. Second, overexpression ofRePRPleads to lowered root osmotic potential. Root cell osmotic pressure was more negative in rice plants overexpressingRePRP2than wild-type plants, and the concentration of a key osmolyte, proline, was enhanced. Furthermore, the protein levels of two aquaporins that are important for drought stress tolerance were elevated. Hence, ABA/stress-inducedRePRPexpression leads to several beneficial traits of drought resistance, including lower water loss rate upon dehydration and higher root water use efficiency under drought conditions. This group of unique stress proteins may be an important target for technology development in enhancing drought stress resistance in cereals.