Is there an association between clinician behavioural factors, and the experience of pain in a dental setting? A Scoping Review

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundEffective management of pain is critical in a dental setting, and insufficient pain management can lead to anxiety in patients and hesitancy to seek further dental help. Currently, there are no existing scoping or systematic reviews discussing the impact of clinician behavioural factors on pain perception, thus highlighting the need for it.AimsThe aim of this scoping review is two-fold: to analyse the scope of current evidence surrounding the association between clinician behaviour and pain experienced in the dental setting, and to identify areas where further research is needed.MethodologyA list of search terms and subject headings was developed for Pubmed, PsycINFO and Embase to conduct pilot searches. Duplicate articles were removed, and each article screened in accordance with pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant articles were assessed using a data extraction form. Information was analysed to determine the scope of current evidence and areas where further study is needed.ResultsDentist behaviour has a significant impact on the patient’s pain experience, and techniques to minimise pain include empathy, being calm and non-judgemental, and providing clear information to patients about treatment. Following up the patient after treatment, via a phone call or text message, reduces pain experience. Increased levels of dental anxiety have been shown to increase dental pain, and therefore it is important that clinicians implement behaviours to reduce dental anxiety in order to reduce pain.ConclusionNumerous studies have shown the association between clinician behavioural factors and the perception of pain in the dental setting. There are various techniques dentists can utilise to improve the pain experience for their patients, including displaying a warm empathetic demeanour, appropriately managing dentally anxious patients, and utilising non-judgemental communication skills. However, there are some areas where further research is needed.HighlightsClinician behaviour can be modified to alter the perception of pain in a dental settingVarious studies outline techniques that a dentist can use to improve a patient’s pain experienceFurther research is required for chronic orofacial pain, phobic patients and patients with special needs