Abstract
AbstractMany pathogens evolved compartmentalized genomes with conserved core and variable accessory regions which carry effector genes mediating virulence. The fungal plant pathogenFusarium oxysporumhas such accessory regions often spanning entire chromosomes. The presence of specific accessory regions influences the host range, and horizontal transfer of some accessory regions can modify the pathogenicity of the receiving strain. However, understanding how these accessory regions evolve in strains that infect the same host remains limited.Here, we define the pan-genome of 69 diverseFusariumstrains that cause Fusarium wilt of banana, a significant constraint to global banana production. In this diverse panel ofFusariumstrains infecting banana, we analyzed the diversity and evolution of the accessory regions.Accessory regions inFusariumstrains infecting the same banana cultivar are highly diverse, and we could not identify any shared genomic regions and in planta induced effectors. We demonstrate that segmental duplications drive the evolution of accessory regions. Furthermore, we show that recent segmental duplications and aneuploidy occur specifically in accessory chromosomes and cause the expansion of accessory regions inF. oxysporum.Taken together we conclude that extensive recent duplications drive the evolution of accessory regions inFusarium, which contribute to the evolution of virulence.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory