Bifidobacteriumis enriched in gut microbiome of Kashmiri women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in women of reproductive age understudied in non-European populations. In India, PCOS affects the life of up to 19.4 million women of age 14-25 years. Gut microbiome composition might contribute to PCOS susceptibility. We profiled the microbiome in DNA isolated from faecal samples by 16S rRNA sequencing in 19/20 women with/without PCOS from Kashmir, India. We assigned genera to sequenced species with an average 121k reads depth and included bacteria detected in at least 1/3 of the subjects or with average relative abundance ≥0.1%. We compared the relative abundances of 40/58 operational taxonomic units in family/genus level between cases and controls, and in relation to 33 hormonal and metabolic factors, by multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders, and corrected for multiple testing. Seven genera were significantly enriched in PCOS cases:Sarcina, AlkalibacteriumandMegasphaera, and previously reported for PCOSBifidobacterium, Collinsella, ParaprevotellaandLactobacillus. We identified significantly increased relative abundance ofBifidobacteriaceae(median 6.07% vs. 2.77%) andAerococcaceae(0.03% vs. 0.004%), whereas we detected lower relative abundancePeptococcaceae(0.16% vs. 0.25%) in PCOS cases. For the first time, we identified a significant direct association between butyrate producingEubacteriumand follicle-stimulating hormone levels. We observed increased relative abundance ofCollinsellaandParaprevotellawith higher fasting blood glucose levels, andParaprevotellaandAlkalibacteriumwith larger hip and waist circumference, and weight. We show a relationship between gut microbiome composition and PCOS linking it to specific reproductive health metabolic and hormonal predictors in Indian women.