Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or a third dose of vaccine elicited cross-variant neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated solid organ transplant recipients

Author:

Chang Chih-ChaoORCID,Vlad George,Vasilescu Elena Rodica,Li Ping,Husain Syed A.,Silvia Elaine A.,Cohen David J,Ratner Lloyd E.,Sun Wei-Zen,Mohan Sumit,Suciu-Foca Nicole

Abstract

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses a great threat to global health, particularly in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Although a 3-dose mRNA vaccination protocol has been implemented for the majority of SOTRs, its effectiveness was still largely unknown. We analyzed 113 vaccinated SOTRs, and 30 healthy controls (HCs), some of whom had recovered from COVID, for their immune responses against the original vaccine strain and variants of concern (VOC), including the highly mutated-omicron variant. Here, we report that 3 doses of the mRNA vaccine had only a modest effect in eliciting anti-viral responses against all viral strains in the fully vaccinated SOTRs who did not contract the virus. Only 34.0% (16/47) of this group of patients demonstrated both detectable anti-RBD IgG and neutralization activities against alpha, beta, and delta variants, and only 8.5% (4/47) of them showed additional omicron-neutralizing capacities. In contrast, 79.5% (35/44) of the vaccinated recovered-SOTRs demonstrated both higher anti-RBD IgG levels and neutralizing activities against all VOC, including omicron. These findings illustrate a significant impact of previous infection on the development of anti-COVID immune responses in vaccinated SOTRs and highlight the need for alternative strategies to protect a subset of a lesser-vaccine responsive population.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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