Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history
Author:
Yu HeORCID, Jamieson AlexandraORCID, Hulme-Beaman ArdernORCID, Conroy Chris J.ORCID, Knight Becky, Speller CamillaORCID, Al-Jarah Hiba, Eager Heidi, Trinks Alexandra, Adikari Gamini, Baron HenrietteORCID, Böhlendorf-Arslan Beate, Bohingamuwa Wijerathne, Crowther AlisonORCID, Cucchi ThomasORCID, Esser Kinie, Fleisher JeffreyORCID, Gidney Louisa, Gladilina ElenaORCID, Gol’din PavelORCID, Goodman Steven M.ORCID, Hamilton-Dyer Sheila, Helm Richard, Hillman Chris, Kallala Nabil, Kivikero Hanna, Kovács Zsófia E., Karl Kunst GüntherORCID, Kyselý René, Linderholm AnnaORCID, Maraoui-Telmini Bouthéina, Morales-Muñiz ArturoORCID, Nabais MarianaORCID, O’Connor Terry, Oueslati TarekORCID, Quintana Morales Eréndira M.ORCID, Pasda Kerstin, Perera Jude, Perera Nimal, Radbauer Silvia, Ramon Joan, Rannamäe EveORCID, Sanmartí Grego JoanORCID, Treasure Edward, Valenzuela-Lamas SilviaORCID, van der Jagt Inge, Van Neer WimORCID, Vigne Jean-DenisORCID, Walker Thomas, Wynne-Jones StephanieORCID, Zeiler Jørn, Dobney KeithORCID, Boivin NicoleORCID, Searle Jeremy B.ORCID, Krause-Kyora BenORCID, Krause JohannesORCID, Larson GregerORCID, Orton DavidORCID
Abstract
AbstractThe distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the black rat, 67 ancient black rat mitogenomes and 36 ancient nuclear genomes from sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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