Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mitochondrial Energetics in Reduced Walk Speed of Older Adults with Diabetes in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)

Abstract

ABSTRACTRationaleCardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics are associated with reduced walking speed in older adults. The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics on walking speed in older adults with diabetes has not been clearly defined.ObjectiveTo examine differences in cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics between older adults with and without diabetes. We also assessed the contribution of cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics to slower walking speed in older adults with diabetes.FindingsParticipants with diabetes had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics when compared to those without diabetes, following adjustments for covariates including BMI, chronic comorbid health conditions, and physical activity. 4-m and 400-m walking speeds were slower in those with diabetes. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity alone or combined with cardiorespiratory fitness mediated ∼20-70% of the difference in walk speed between older adults with and without diabetes. Further adjustments of BMI and co-morbidities further explained the group differences in walk speed.ConclusionsSkeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics and cardiorespiratory fitness contribute to slower walking speeds in older adults with diabetes. Cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics may be therapeutic targets to maintain or improve mobility in older adults with diabetes.ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTSWhy did we undertake this study?To determine if mitochondrial energetics and cardiorespiratory fitness contribute to slower walking speed in older adults with diabetes.What is the specific question(s) we wanted to answer?Are mitochondrial energetics and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with diabetes lower than those without diabetes? How does mitochondrial energetics and cardiorespiratory fitness impact walking speed in older adults with diabetes?What did we find?Mitochondrial energetics and cardiorespiratory fitness were lower in older adults with diabetes compared to those without diabetes, and energetics, and cardiorespiratory fitness, contributed to slower walking speed in those with diabetes.What are the implications of our findings?Cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics may be key therapeutic targets to maintain or improve mobility in older adults with diabetes.Graphical Abstract