Genetically encoded affinity reagents (GEARs): A toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein functionin vivo

Abstract

Probing endogenous protein localization and function in vivo remains challenging due to laborious gene targeting and monofunctional alleles. Here, we develop a multifunctional, universal, and adaptable toolkit based on genetically encoded affinity reagents (GEARs). GEARs use nanobodies and single chain variable fragments (scFv), which recognize small epitopes, enabling fluorescent visualization and selective degradation of protein targets in vivo. Furthermore, we delineate a CRISPR/Cas9-based epitope tagging pipeline to demonstrate its utility for producing knock-in alleles that have broad multifunctionality. We use GEARs to examine the native behaviour of the pioneer transcription factor Nanog and the planar cell polarity protein Vangl2 during early zebrafish development. Together, this toolkit provides a versatile system for probing and perturbing endogenous protein function while circumventing challenges associated with conventional gene targeting and is broadly available to the model organism community.