Establishing syndromic surveillance of gastrointestinal infections in emergency departments using routine emergency department data and validating it against laboratory-based surveillance, Germany, January 2019 – June 2023

Abstract

2.Structured AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal infections in Germany account for 24.5 million outpatient visits annually. Surveillance of gastrointestinal infections in emergency departments strengthens timely outbreak detection and disease trend monitoring.AimWe developed a syndrome definition for automated syndromic surveillance of gastrointestinal infections in emergency departments, and validated it against statutory laboratory-based surveillance.MethodsTo develop a syndrome definition, we selected presenting complaints (Canadian Emergency Department Information System) and diagnoses (ICD-10). We validated the definition through time series and cross-correlation analysis, comparing trends between syndromic and laboratory-based surveillance. We analysed German emergency department registry (AKTIN) data and included emergency departments that continuously transferred (01/2019-06/2023) data. As reference we combined statutory norovirus-gastroenteritis, rotavirus-gastroenteritis, campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis notifications.ResultsOur syndrome definition combined presenting complaints (diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea) and diagnoses (Intestinal infectious diseases). Accordingly, in 7 emergency departments withn= 864,353 visits, 2.1% (n= 18,158) were gastrointestinal infection cases. Of those, 57% (n= 10,424) were female, with 23% 0–19 years (n= 4,108) and 23% 20–29 years (n= 4,116) old. We visually observed similar gastrointestinal infection trends in both surveillance systems. The cross-correlation was 0.73 (95%-confidence interval 0.61–0.85;p<0.001) at lag −1, indicating a 1-week relative reporting delay of laboratory-based surveillance.ConclusionThe coherent trends and significant cross-correlation validated our syndrome definition, which adequately captures gastrointestinal infection cases in emergency departments. Our novel automated surveillance complements laboratory-based surveillance, while offering advantages regarding timeliness and reduced workload. Therefore, it will be implemented in national routine surveillance.