Increased Severity of New-onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Serbia

Abstract

AbstractBackground and objectivesPublic health measures, parental fear of infection, and redeployment of medical resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic might have led to a decrease in pediatric healthcare access. As a result, a delay in type 1 diabetes diagnosis might have occurred, leading to the worsening of its clinical presentation in the pediatric population. This study aimed to examine the clinical and biochemical features of new-onset DM1 in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing it to the pre-pandemic period.Materials and methodsThe clinical and biochemical features of diabetes observed during the COVID-19 period from April 1, 2020, until December 31, 2022, were compared with the period from April 1, 2017, until December 31, 2019. In the COVID-19 pandemic group, the clinical and biochemical features were compared between children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection at diagnosis or before the diagnosis of DM1.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, observed frequencies of DKA and severe DKA at diagnosis were 47.6% and 20.7%, both significantly higher than during the pre-pandemic period (an absolute increase of 15% and 11.3%, respectively). In the COVID-19 group, blood pH levels were significantly lower than in the pre-pandemic group, while HbA1c levels were higher. Clinical and biochemical features of diabetes in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection at or before the diagnosis were not significantly different compared to children without an infection.ConclusionWe report a significant worsening of the clinical presentation of new-onset type 1 diabetes and an increase in the frequency of DKA and severe DKA at diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are necessary to gain quantitative insight into pediatric healthcare availability in Serbia.