Unveiling Vulnerabilities in Maternal-Child Health amidst COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study on Food Insecurity and Socio-Demographic Disparities in the U.S.

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveEarly infancy is a critical time of development when stresses, nutritional deficiencies, and other challenges have lifelong consequences. Social distancing regulations due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to abrupt changes in work status, childcare accessibility, and food availability.DesignThis cross-sectional study assessed responses regarding experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including food insecurity (validated two-question screener), WIC use, and changes in childcare accessibility and work status. Data were assessed using logistic regressions while controlling for sociodemographic factors.SettingNational U.S. online survey in July–August 2020.ParticipantsU.S. mothers (n=1861) with infants ≤12 months old.ResultsWe detected a 34% increase in perceived food insecurity during July–August 2020 compared to that before the pandemic. Hispanic mothers had 74% higher odds of becoming food insecure than non-Hispanic White mothers. Mothers with infants <9 weeks old had a 7% increase in WIC utilization, although no overall increase in WIC usage was detected. Most mothers (71%) reported moderate or extreme impacts from the pandemic, with higher odds associated with childcare interruptions, working from home, and identifying as Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black.ConclusionsOur findings reveal specific sociodemographic groups of mothers with infants who were especially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights hold significant value for tailoring supportive programs, equipping these groups for potential socioeconomic upheavals, and aiding their transition into the post-pandemic world.