A Validated Measure of Rigidity in Parkinson’s Disease Using Alternating Finger Tapping on an Engineered Keyboard

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionReliable and accurate measures of rigidity have remained elusive in remote assessments of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This has severely limited the utility of telemedicine in the care and treatment of people with PD. It has also had a large negative impact on the scope of available outcomes, and on the costs, of multicenter clinical trials in PD. The goal of this study was to determine if quantitative measures from an engineered keyboard were sensitive and related to clinical measures of rigidity.MethodsSixteen participants with idiopathic PD, off antiparkinsonian medications, and eleven age-matched control participants performed a 30 second repetitive alternating finger tapping task on an engineered keyboard and were assessed with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale – motor (UPDRS-III).ResultsThe speed of the key release was significantly slower in the PD compared to control cohorts (p <0.0001). In the PD cohort key release speed correlated with the lateralized upper extremity UPDRS III rigidity score (r = - 0.58, p < 0.0001), but not with the lateralized upper extremity tremor score (r = 0.14, p = 0.43).ConclusionsThis validated measure of rigidity complements our previous validation of temporal metrics of the repetitive alternating finger tapping task with the UPDRS III, bradykinesia and with the ability to quantify tremor, arrhythmicity and freezing episodes, and suggests that thirty seconds of alternating finger tapping on a portable engineered keyboard could transform the treatment of PD with telemedicine and the precision of multicenter clinical trials.