Flexibility of tandem leaders resolves traffic jams during colony relocation in an ant

Abstract

AbstractAnts, renowned for their intricate social behaviors, exhibit remarkable collective movement patterns that enable them to forage and tunnel efficiently. Despite significant research into their navigation skills and traffic avoidance mechanisms mostly in the context of central-place foraging, the dynamics of bi-directional movement during colony relocation remains an underexplored domain. This study delves into the behavior ofDiacamma indicum, an ant species, that recruits by tandem running during the relocation of their nest. Our findings reveal that constricted pathway linking the old and new nests lead to frequent interruptions and traffic jams, and this significantly extended transportation durations when compared to control. Through analysis of 56 traffic jam instances, we unveil the adaptability of tandem leaders. Their decisions on recruiting followers midway and adjusting heading directions amalgamates into emergent mass orientation towards the new nest acting as critical factors in untangling the traffic jam. This study not only illuminates the intricacies of collective ant movement during nest relocation but also unveils insights into the mechanisms that underscore their exceptional traffic jam mitigation abilities. By addressing this uncharted aspect of ant behavior, we contribute to a broader comprehension of the remarkable strategies these superorganisms employ to navigate complex environments.