Incidence and Predictors of Mortality among Neonates Admitted for Congenital Heart Disease in Public Comprehensives Specialized Hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2023

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart disease is typically defined as a structural abnormality of the heart and great vessels present at birth. The incidence and mortality of congenital heart disease in neonates vary worldwide and it is the leading cause of birth defects, morbidity and mortality.Objectiveto assess incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates admitted for congenital heart disease in public comprehensives specialized hospitals Amhara region, Ethiopia a Retrospective follow-up study 2023MethodInstitution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 583 neonates with congenital heart disease admitted to Amhara region public comprehensive specialized hospitals from January 1st2018 to December 30th, 2022. The study subjects was selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data were entered into EPI data version 4.6, then exported to STATA version 16. The log-rank test and Kaplan Meier failure curve was used to estimate and compare the probability of death. First bivariable then multivariable regression was done. After computing a hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval, variables with a p-value of 0.05 or lower was considered to be significant predictors of mortalityResultsOut of 583 congenital heart disease neonate 9.9% were developed death. The incidence rate of mortality among congenital heart disease neonates was 11.9% per 1000 with 4844 person-days of observation (95% CI;-0.009-0.015). In this study were found to be Sepsis(AHR:2.24(95%CI:-1.184.23),Cyanoticcongenital heart disease(AHR:3.49(95%CI:1.93-6.28), Home delivery(AHR:1.9(95%,CI:1.06-3.6), had maternal history of Gestational diabetes multiuse (AHR: 1.94 (95% CI 1.04-3.61). Neonates having another congenital malformations. (AHR 2.49(1.33-4.67). neonates have been Airway resuscitation needed during delivery (AHR: 0.43(95%CI: 0.18-0.98). were found to be a significant predictors of Congenital heart disease neonatal mortality.Conclusion and recommendationThe incidence rate of neonatal mortality among congenital heart disease neonate was high as compared to findings of other studies. sepsis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, home delivery, maternal history of gestational diabetes malts, others congenital malformation and Airway resuscitations needed during delivery were significant predictors of mortality for neonates with congenital heart disease. Hence, giving special attention to patients with identified predictors should be better