Imaging of porphyrin-specific fluorescence in pathogenic bacteriain vitrousing a wearable, hands-free system

Abstract

AbstractFluorescence imaging is an effective method for detecting porphyrin production in bacteria, leveraging the natural fluorescence properties of porphyrins. Here we use a simple, lightweight, hands-free device for rapid, non-invasive assessments in clinical settings, microbial research, and diagnostic applications. Specifically in this study, we examined 15 bacterial and 2 fungal strains commonly associated with skin, oral, and/or multi-site infections at wound sites for their ability to autofluoresce based on their porphyrin production. We utilized Remel Porphyrin Test Agar and blood agar plates to monitor red fluorescence over several days of growth under aerobic or anaerobic conditions using the wearable REVEAL FC imaging system with a 405 nm violet excitation headlight paired with eyewear carrying 430 nm emission lenses. Fourteen of the fifteen bacteria produced red fluorescence when grown on Porphyrin Test Agar and nine of the fifteen bacteria also displayed red fluorescence on blood agar plates, consistent with their ability to synthesize porphyrins. Taken together, our results elucidate the sensitivity, effectiveness, and convenience of using wearable technology to detect pathogens that produce porphyrin-specific fluorescence. Consequently, the REVEAL system has immense potential to help diagnose wound infections, direct clinical procedures, and guide treatment options in real-time using fluorescence imaging all while minimizing the risk of contamination.Importance StatementFluorescence imaging is a simple technique used to detect a substance called porphyrin, which some microbes produce, and which naturally glows under specific light. In this study, we used a hands-free, wearable device to check for porphyrin in various bacteria and fungi that often infect wounds. This device shines a violet light on bacteria grown in the lab on solid media containing heme precursors, and if they produce porphyrin, they glow red. This method, tested on 15 bacterial and 2 fungal strains, proved to be effective and convenient. This technology has the potential to help clinicians diagnose infections and decide on treatments more efficiently and safely.