Comparative effectiveness of the monovalent XBB.1.5-containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine across three Nordic countries

Author:

Andersson Niklas WormORCID,Thiesson Emilia Myrup,Pihlström Nicklas,Perälä Jori,Faksová Kristýna,Gram Mie Agermose,Poukka EeroORCID,Leino Tuija,Ljung Rickard,Hviid AndersORCID

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness of vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5-containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine against severe covid-19 across three Nordic countries.DesignNationwide cohort studies, using target trial emulation.SettingDenmark, Finland, and Sweden, from 1 October 2023 to 29 February 2024.ParticipantsIndividuals aged ≥65 years who had previously received at least four covid-19 vaccine doses.Main outcome measures:Cumulative incidences of covid-19 hospital admission and death for 12 weeks after immunisation (defined as 1 week after vaccination) among recipients of an XBB.1.5-containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine and matched non-recipients. Cumulative incidences were used to calculate comparative vaccine effectiveness (1-risk ratio) and risk differences.ResultsDuring autumn and winter 2023-2024, a total of 1,867,448 1:1 matched pairs of XBB-containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine recipients and non-recipients were included (mean age 75.4 years, standard deviation 7.4 years). The comparative vaccine effectiveness was 60.6% (95% confidence interval, 46.1% to 75.1%) against covid-19 hospital admission (930v2,551 events) and 77.9% (69.2% to 86.7%) against covid-19 related death (301v1,326 events) at 12 weeks of follow-up. This corresponded to 191.1 (95% confidence interval, 50.2 to 332.1) covid-19 hospital admissions and 109.2 (100.2 to 118.1) deaths prevented per 100,000 individuals vaccinated with an XBB.1.5-containing vaccine. The comparative vaccine effectiveness was similar across sex, age (65-74/≥75 years), number of previous covid-19 vaccine doses received, and seasonal influenza vaccination co-administration subgroups and periods of either omicron XBB- or BA.2.86-sublineage dominance. While the protection was highest during the first weeks after vaccination, it was well-preserved at end of week 12 of follow-up.ConclusionAmong adults aged ≥65 years, vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5-containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine reduced the rates of covid-19 related hospital admission and death during autumn and winter 2023-2024 across three Nordic countries.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Reference19 articles.

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2. Food and Drug Administration. Updated COVID-19 Vaccines for Use in the United States Beginning in Fall 2023. FDA. 2023. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/updated-covid-19-vaccines-use-united-states-beginning-fall-2023 (accessed 4 October 2023)

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