Evolutionary Dynamics And Geographic Dispersal Of Beta Coronaviruses In African Bats

Abstract

ABSTRACTBats have been shown to serve as reservoir host of various viral agents including coronaviruses. They have also been associated with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This has made them an all important agent for CoV evolution and transmission. Our objective in this study was to investigate the dispersal, phylogenomics and evolution ofbetacoronavirus(βCoV) among African bats. We retrieved sequence data from established databases such as GenBank and Virus Pathogen Resource, covering the partial RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene of Bat coronaviruses from eight African, three Asian, five European, two South American countries and Australia. We analyzed for Phylogeographic information relating to genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics. Our study revealed that majority of the African strains fell withinNorbecovirussubgenera, with an Evolutionary rate of 1.301 × 10−3, HPD (1.064 × 10−3– 1.434 × 10−3) subs/site/year. The African strains diversified into three main subgenera,Norbecovirus, HibecovirusandMarbecovirus. The time to most common recent ancestor forNorbecovirusstrains was 1968, and 2010, for the AfricanMarbecovirusstrains. There was evidence of inter species transmission ofNorbecovirusamong bats in Cameroun and DRC. Phlylogeography showed that there were inter-continental spread of Bt-CoV from Europe, China and Hong Kong into Central and Southern Africa, highlighting the possibility of long distance transmission. Our study has elucidated the possible evolutionary origins of βCoV among African bats, we therefore advocate for broader studies of whole genome sequences of BtCoV to further understand the drivers for their emergence and zoonotic spillovers into human population.